This splendid instrument dates back to Victorian times and is known as a Watkin Quadrant. It could be used as a surveyor’s clinometer but was more commonly used to raise the barrels of heavy artillery guns to the right inclination to hit the target. The maker’s name is almost worn away but I think it was J Hicks, Hatton Garden, London. When used as a clinometer by a surveyor a sighting would be taken using the tiny hole under the maker’s name through which the bubble in the level could be seen via the mirror within the instrument. When used for ranging artillery it would be set to the required quadrant elevation then fastened to the gun muzzle which was then raised until the bubble was level. The setting of the elevation or the reading of the inclination was very accurate as this was a very long scale round the moving barrel that is marked in 5 second graduations, 12 divisions to each degree of elevation. This instrument comes with a set of instructions for use either with artillery or as a surveyor’s clinometer, and these instructions are beautifully hand written, complete with illustrations – they are completely legible although the paper has become very fragile and one page is slightly torn as shown. The blue velvet lined box is in very good condition with a working clasp and only light signs of use, and it measures 5.25 x 4 x 1.75 inches deep.
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